The anticipated cost of the coastal management plan is compared to the expected benefits of a scheme. 1.2 High Coasts Featuring Cliffs. Increases the distance a wave has to travel, thus slowing it down and preventing erosion. This is a hard engineering method in coastal management (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Groyne_at_Mundesley,_Norfolk.JPG) by MichaelMaggs (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:MichaelMaggs) Licensed by CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en), Fig. Therefore, their only impact is to change where erosion is occurring. What are the physical characteristics of cold environments? Software: eCognition. Winners people who have gained from the decision which have been made either economically (property saved) or environmentally (habitats conserved), or socially (communities). This means coastal defences will be maintained and replaced to protect the town. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Also, covering the face of dunes with bundles of straw, branches and even waste Christmas trees in some areas increases sand accretion and protects dune vegetation. North Norfolk case study for OCR GCSE Geography. (1 Mark) c) Explain how a beach is formed. Fig. For a CBA, the expected benefits must outweigh the costs for a project to go ahead. Each littoral cell is isolated from the adjacent cells and managed as a holistic unit. Soft engineering uses ecological principles and practices, which have less of a negative impact on the natural environment. Lecture notes - Aqa/cie a level coastal landforms 3. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami 2018, Almera, Spain: a large-scale agricultural development, Sustainable food supplies in an LIC Bangladesh, How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap? The sediment cells are closed for the purposes of management, although there will be some exchanges between the different sediment cells. The disadvantages are that the ongoing costs are high as the sediment needs replacing every few years as waves remove it. In the case of humans, we use the coastline for agriculture, for fishing, for industry and power generation, for transport routes and for land upon which to live. Requires maintenance and can be expensive. This means disagreement over how the coast should be protected from threats and which areas should be protected. How has demand for water in the UK changed? Dorsert is located on the southern coast of the UK. Opportunities and Challenges in the Sahara Desert, Opportunities and Challenges in the Thar Desert, Opportunities and Challenges in the Western Desert. Hire a Writer Username Email User ID: 102891 Our Professional Writers Are Our Pride EssayService boasts its wide writer catalog. Postgraduate taught. Why do people choose to live in tectonically active locations? Explain a sea wall in regards to coastal engineering? Lecture notes - A-level geography notes: coral reefs 5. Intense erosion means the coastline is only 50m from the main road. Before any management strategy is adopted, a Cost-Benefit analysis is done. Coastal Management Case Study A Level Geography | Best Writers Finished paper ID 15031 Coastal Management Case Study A Level Geography Check your email inbox for instructions from us on how to reset your password. A Level Geography Specifications 600+ resources covering all major UK and International Exam Boards Choose Exam Board 2023 Geography New Geography Factsheets added in 2023 Explore More Free Downloads Plans for 2022/2023 Free Sample - Loss of Rainforest in the Amazon: An Ongoing Issue Factsheet Index 1-448 A Level Geography Dunes act as a barrier and absorb wave energy reducing erosion and protecting against flooding. Hard engineering can be expensive, and it disrupts the natural process. At risk of landslides and property Destruction What Coastal Management Strategies Have Been Used at Lyme Regis? Studying with Academic Integrity. Coastline management strategies involve hard or soft engineering. This essay will look at three areas in the world where the management of the coastline is paramount to prevent further erosion and destruction of valuable ecological regions. Creating new sand dunes or restoring existing ones. Sand and shingle must be sourced from somewhere else, usually by dredging. The advantages are that they are relatively inexpensive to build, 500 3000. Q1 Give brief details of the evolution of Human Geography through the corridors of time. How have animals adapted to the rainforest environment? This is a plan that divides that GBRMP up into different zones and dictates where different types of activities can take place (Dove et al, 2009, pp73). Which hard engineering approach is the most problematic? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Marine processes erosion, transportation and deposition, , , , , . Economic opportunities and challenges in Lagos. Click the card to flip . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Following some extreme flooding in 1953, it has become to be vitally important to protect the coast to stop further loss of; life, valuable agricultural land and to conserve the Norfolk Broads (Dove et al, 2008, pp62-65). In these areas, the project is seeking to plant mangroves and other shelterbelt species, protect the Olive Ridley sea turtles and other aquatic life, and pilot shoreline protection in the village of Pentha. Hard engineering involves building artificial structures that aim to prevent erosion. Where are polar and tundra environments located? Low-lying coastal areas are high-risk areas regarding sea-level rise (SLR) due to the combination of low elevation, subsidence and currently low sediment supply, on the one hand, and their high natural and socio-economic values, on the other. The SMP is generally a combination of hold the line and no active intervention except for a small stretch on the River Hamble estuary where managed realignment is in place. The coast is a dynamic environment that is vulnerable to a range of physical processes and each case needs to be considered individually with a view to changing policies over time. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Why does the coastline need to be managed? LEDC coastal management Water levels projected to rise between 7.6 and 10.2 cm each decade. Because of this, there is a growing need to assess the integrated impact of SLR taking into account the interactions between physical and ecological . It acts as a physical barrier against erosion and flooding. Zoning has also had a positive effect on both the economy of Queensland and more widely, Australia as a whole. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This is because the area contains 'textbook' examples of coastal erosion and deposition. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Coastal management must be sustainable; any strategy adopted must not cause unnecessary damage to the environment, people's homes and livelihood and should not cost too much. As a result of the rapid urbanisation in China, the ecological system in urban areas has become fragmented, posing a threat to ecological stability. We're available through e-mail, live chat and Facebook. Required to compensate people who lose buildings and farmland. Do nothing but . (See figure below for an example of a large landslide on the Norfolk coast). General Knowledge. It is the fastest eroding coastline in Europe. Case Study: Miami, Florida Of the major U.S. cities that face the greatest uncertainty related to sea level rise, Miami may be the poster child. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. -Tidal action: primary natural process shaping the distinctive coastal landscape; a dense network of river channels flows across the clay and silt fluvial deposits. Wooden fence-like barriers are built at right angles at the beach. Once the marram grass is established, other plants will colonise the area. Where there are gaps, it means coastal defences are present and working. The landward retreat of the shoreline can be measured and described over a temporal scale of tides, seasons, and other short-term cyclic processes. How important are water and carbon to life on Earth? Dune regeneration creating new sand dunes or restoring existing ones. . However, they may inhibit longshore drift and speed up the erosion process elsewhere. 8 - Beach grass to stabilise dunes at beaches. Geography Case Studies All of our geography case studies in one place Coastal Erosion Use the images below to find out more about each case study. HSK Level 4: B2, Upper-Intermediate [1.200 Characters]. 2 - Groynes at Mundesley in Norfolk, UK. Groyne Building wooden fence-like barriers at right angles to the beach. Why is the weather of the UK so changeable? This was effective at maintaining the beach here, but made beaches further south, including the beach at Sea Palling, become starved of sediment meaning that waves were able to undermine the sea wall causing further erosion. The River Tees landforms of erosion and deposition, Case Study Ganges/Brahmaputra River Basin, Geological time is on a different time to human time, Different rocks create contrasting landforms and landscapes. 026 'Sustainable approaches to coastal management will become more important than traditional approaches in dealing with the impacts of climate change.' 20 marks Explain the formation of a saltmarsh environment. Its becoming increasingly crucial for governments and individual councils to manage coastlines to protect them from coastal erosion and flooding due to changing sea levels. How many countries are involved? Using relevant case studies at national, sub national and local level, we assess The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world, (Dove et al, 2009 pp73). Management Factors Affecting the Production Level of Kappaphycus alvarezii Seaweed in the South Coastal Waters of South Sulawesi Province. Sadly, the most vulnerable people and coastlines are the losers in less developed countries as they have no way of claiming compensation or there is no coastal management approach in place. Sustainable development in the Temperate Deciduous Woodland. 1 - Sea wall on the Isle of Wight, UK. It became apparent that a long term plan needed to be formulated, so in 1992 a number of measures were implemented. Of all the hard engineering approaches, groynes are the most problematic as sediment builds up behind them on the uplift side, extending the beach seaward. Unattractive and expensive. It must involve all stakeholders, plan for the long term, and work with the natural processes and not against them. And here are some common types of soft engineering. Hard engineering involves building structures to protect the coast by using concrete, stone and steel. Management of the coastline is necessary to protect them from coastal erosion. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. Reasons for management The. There are two types of coastal management, hard engineering, which involves building structures to protect the coast. GCSE Geography Study Group 2022-2023; Edexcel A Level Geography Paper 1 9GE0 01 - 27 May 2022 [Exam Chat] A-level Geography Study Group 2022-2023; Does anyone know the 20 markers for the Geography 2022 papers; AQA Geography 2022 paper; Does anyone know the 20 & 9 markers for the Geography 2022 papers; flood management method case studies . Hard & Soft Engineering Coastal Management Case Studies. The dunes are then replanted with marram and lyme grass to stabilise the surface. Each SMP identifies all the natural and human activities that occur within the coastline area of each sediment cell. Coastal Management Use the images below to find out more about each case study. What is the location and importance of London? What is the impact of humans on the desert? About this case study Coastal environments provide many opportunities for human activities and the potential for economic development. 2B.11 - Coastal Management - A-LEVEL GEOGRAPHY REVISION: EDEXCEL 2B.11 Coastal Management There are different approaches to managing the risks associated with coastal recession and flooding. http://www.wwf.org.au/ourwork/oceans/gbr/ {date accessed 16/06/10}, http://www.barrierreef.org/WhyResearch/TheReefandclimatechange.aspx#question_2 {date accessed 19/06/10}, http://www.jcu.edu.au/research/excellence/JCUPRD_036944.html {date accessed 19/06/10}, http://www.wwf.org.au/news/n244/ {date accessed 19/06/10}, http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/research/planning/104939.aspx {dare accessed 20/06/10}, http://www.marinet.org.uk/coastaldefences/smp.html {date accessed 20/06/10}, http://www.northsolentsmp.co.uk/media/adobe/5/4/North_Solent_SMP_Information_Pamphlet.pdf {date accessed 20/06/10}, Dove, J et al, OCR Geography A2, (2009), Heinmann, Harlow. 2 A Case Study of the Holderness Coastline. Monitoring coastal changes and then using adaptation or mitigation to respond to the observed differences. Hard Engineering. Coastal management must be sustainable; any strategy adopted must not cause unnecessary damage to the environment, peoples homes and livelihood and should not cost too much. What are the four options that an SMP has? They manage but do not necessarily prevent erosion. Educating communities about the need to adapt and protect the coastline for future generations. In addition to this by installing hard engineering solutions in one . They are usually constructed of concrete with steel reinforcement and have deep pile foundations. What is the location and importance of Mumbai? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. This research aims to develop a GIS-based model that can inform urban ecological network construction and . What are the differences in global calorie intake and food supply? Why is there a trend towards agribusiness? Prevents cliff erosion as it absorbs wave energy. This is where all coastline elements (land, water, people, and the economy) are managed with one integrated strategy. The table below shows the common types of hard engineering. There are 11 sediment cells in England and Wales. Cyclone Prone Areas in India There are 13 coastal states and union territories (UTs) in the country, encompassing 84 coastal districts which are affected by tropical cyclones. How does food insecurity affect the environment? The channels flow N-S due to strong tidal currents, and the smaller channels drains the land with each ebb tide. Conflict often exists between different stakeholders, such as residents and the local council. The Beach (Coastal Protection) - The sea defenses have been damaged and replaced with 'Spanish steps' leading down to the sea that will protect the coastline and increase public access to the seafront. Reference: Insights on India. General Studies Paper 1 includes questions from subjects like History, Geography, Polity, Economics, General Science, Technology, Environment and Current Affairs. Create and find flashcards in record time. Strategies: Sea Wall Wooden Groynes repaired and built at a cost of 5.2m BUT: What are Mumbais social and economic opportunities? These do not exist in Scotland and Northern Ireland, where the devolved governments and local authorities are jointly responsible for coastal protection. What are the disadvantages of a sea wall? 1. Introduction. However the council maintain that the high cost involved in holding the line is not justified by their cost/benefit analysis (http://www.marinet.org.uk). Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. Vegetation is planted as their roots help to stabilize the cliff structure and increase cohesion, consequently, the cliff will be more stable and less prone to cliff material slumping or sliding off. Case studies from all regions of the world (Europe, The Americas, Asia, Africa and Australasia) are included', 'Building upon the book Disappearing . Sustainable Management of the Tropical Rainforest, Sustainable Management of the Amazon Rainforest. Soft engineering aims to work with and complement the physical environment by using natural coastal defence methods. How do changes affect the balance of an ecosystem? - Coastline mainly made up of cliffs (20-30m high), made of soft, easily eroded . This varied coastline is one of the Islands main assets. Coastal Management: Hornsea There is up to 3m of erosion per year because the cliffs are formed from weak boulder clay The management protects tourist features such as arcades and hotels and creates a sandy beach. Its aims are: Coastal management involves decisions that will affect peoples lives. Another area of the UK where effective coastal management is necessary is Southampton Water in Hampshire The region is home to a varied range of human activities including industry, commercial, residential and leisure uses. Or soft engineering, which works with nature, using natural materials, or allowing nature to take back areas. These effects can be positive or negative. Air at 1175K,81175 \mathrm{~K}, 81175K,8 bar enters a turbine operating at steady state and expands adiabatically to 1 bar. The idea is to reduce the slope of the cliff and revegetate the cliff top. As part of the A Level course, it is important not only to understand what regeneration is and the impacts that it has, but also to put this into context. Figure 1 Map showing the Queensland coast and zoning areas of the Great Barrier Reef. They break up and dissipate wave energy. The study revealed that . case study of Brussels. Why is the Human Development Index important? The cliffs are predominantly made from soft sand and clays, meaning that they are extremely vulnerable to erosion by waves as well as slumping caused by rainwater. Tuition fees. They are permeable. Ans: What problems are caused by global warming? GREAT - Imperial College London Scholarship. They can have a step or bullnose profile. The Holderness Coast is a great case study to use when examining coastal processes and the features associated with them. In 1896 the Council decided to link the two bays by the construction of a 1200 metre link road to be known as . It's over the long term, involves all the stakeholders and uses 'adaptive management' - changing plans as threats change. Have all your study materials in one place. The current coastal management plan is to hold the line at Hornsea. Hard engineering techniques are typically used to protect coastal settlements. Waves can erode the wall defeating its purpose and is expensive to implement and maintain. Geography. Managing natural resources like fish, water, farmland to ensure long term productivity. Investigate processes, landforms and management strategies for coasts using the links below. Lecture notes - Aqa/cie a level coastal processes 4. The structures are usually at the base of a cliff or on the beach. To achieve this, the following are taken into consideration: This takes place before any coastal management takes place. Four states (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal) and one UT (Puducherry) on the east coast and one state (Gujarat) on the west coast are highly vulnerable . What are the social and economic opportunities associated with the growth of Rio? How is demand for energy changing in the UK? What factors affect population density and distribution? They cost $1 million dollars each, 80 metres long. 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That coastal management must be sustainable, whereby economic development is essential but is not prioritised over the protection of the coastal environment. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) is over 2300km long and is made up of over 2900 reefs and 940 islands and cays. The areas where there is a policy of hold the line is where the coast is primarily given over to important areas of industry, settlement and conservation. What were the reasons for coastal management at Mappleton? An SMP has been created for each sediment cell in the UK to help with coastline management. What is a cost-benefit analysis in terms of coastal management? How can we increase the amount of food produced globally? It was cheaper to protect Mappleton than construct a new route. The reef is a vitally important area, firstly in terms of conserving the diverse wildlife and ecosystem that is there and secondly because it provides major security benefits to coastal communities and provides significant income for Australias economy in the form of tourism (http://www.wwf.org.au). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 1) Abrasion - The waves are carrying material which is thrown into the cliff at high speed. Fig. 1 / 10. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. Business Studies. What was the relevance of the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992? Groups who may have an interest in how the coast is managed would include; local residents, local councils, landowners, governments, environmental bodies and national park authorities. This has caused much controversy within the local community who stand to lose their homes and livelihoods with this policy. How can the impacts of climate change be managed? Changing rates of rainforest deforestation. retain existing coastline maintain current deferences, upgrade or install new ones, it may not be technically, environmentally or economically possible to do coastal defence work, this is used to manage the rate and process by which the coast retreats, build new defences seaward, in front of the land, to protect the land behind, 3 Break waters were installed at Siloso Beach, Singapore. So, in order to manage the reef, a zoning programme has been implemented. It does not store any personal data. Beach stabilisation planting dead trees in the sand to stabilise it. How does flooding affect humans and the environment? The Barrier Reef became a marine park in 1975 and was designated a World Heritage site in 1981 (Dove et al, 2009). Hard: Sea walls, Rock armour, Promenade Groynes Slanted structures made from concrete, wood or rocks along a cliff. Sustainable approaches to coastal flood risk and coastal erosion management 3.1.3.6 Case studies Local coastal environment Case study Case study of a contrasting coastal landscape beyond the UK - Sunderbands . The Isle of Wight has four coastal defence options: The pine forest is a colonies for the red squirrel. Lecture notes - A level geography: introduction to coasts 2. It can be seen that the coastal defence plan for Southampton Water needs to be able to take into account a variety of conflicting interests. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The coastline of the UK is divided up into a series of cells that each have their own Shoreline Management Plan (SMP). What are the economic and environmental issues of energy production? -Lack of fresh water for drinking and irrigation, as fresh water is diverted from the rivers for irrigation use further upstream. What are shanty town improvement schemes? To achieve this, a variety of teaching methods are employed, including: lectures, practicals, tutorials . The Isle of Wight has 65 miles of spectacular coastline, 28 miles of which are designated Heritage Coast. Some coastlines are suffering from coastal erosion. It usually means allowing erosion and cliff retreat to continue. Local, regional, and national levels of authority must work and manage coasts together. As the negative impacts of many shoreline management plans (SMP) have become evident, sustainable integrated approaches are becoming more widely used. What is the maximum charge that will appear on the capacitor? The idea is to make the beach larger to dissipate the wave energy, thereby reducing wave erosion. If you've found the resources on this site useful please consider making a secure donation via PayPal to support the development of the site. What challenges are associated with the growth of Rio? What is the impact of humans on the savanna? Case Study of Coastal Erosion - Flamborough Head and Holderness Coast Background and the Problem of Erosion - The Holderness Coast is on the NE coast of the UK, facing the North Sea. As a result, it is less expensive to implement and maintain and creates more long-term and sustainable solutions than hard engineering projects. Integrated Coastal Zone Management dates from the 1992 Rio Earth Summit - manages the entire coastal zone, recognises the importance of the coastal zone to people's livelihoods, management must be sustainable. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. Can the risks of volcanic eruptions be reduced? Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. There is an increased frequency of storms and the possibility of increased erosion and flooding. Beach nourishment is where the sediment lost through erosion is replaced. Dredging may affect the local coastal habitats. They are vertical stone or timber fencing, which is built at 90 degrees to the coast. This must surely be more cost effective in the long run and more desirable in terms of maintaining the coast's natural beauty. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Fishing in protected zones is prohibited and this has led to stocks of previously threatened species of fish, including coral trout and red emperor fish, recovering significantly (http://www.jcu.edu.au). How do weather and climate affect river landscapes? International migration from Syria to Europe, Japan A country with a high dependent population.